Preface

This document is a general information manual, describing the functions of a set of data compression products which are referred to under the general name of INFOPAK. It applies to all those concerned with the management of disks containing:

• IMS data bases in MVS and DOS

• DB2 data bases in MVS

• Native VSAM files in MVS

• Sequential and partitioned files in MVS

• IDMS data bases in MVS

• DATACOM/DB data bases in MVS

It provides the answers to questions which may be asked about:

• possible gains in disk storage

• performance

• data integrity

• algorithms used

• cost justification

Introduction to INFOPAK

INFOPAK is a line of compression products for data bases, VSAM, Sequential and PDS files.

Why INFOPAK ?

Studies of the data in data bases or files indicates that the causes of wasted space are numerous:

• Fields specified for a maximum content, which may never be realized (provision is made to store billions even though the average quantities are expressed in hundreds).

• Fields intended for future expansion ("fillers").

• Empty fields (spaces, zeros).

• Systematic use of the byte to store data (in theory, 5 bits are sufficient for alphabetic data !).

The result: oversized records in relation to the quantity of information they are capable of containing, bringing about:

• An increase in the number of cylinders necessary for storing these data bases or files.

• Greater channel activity (all these bytes have to be transferred between the disk and the memory).

• Increased backup and recovery time.

• Excessive job costs.

The remedy: INFOPAK, a generalized tool which easily enables a reduction in the physical size of the data you have to store.

How does INFOPAK work ?

There are numerous compression techniques. The most simple consists of removing the sequences of spaces or repetitive characters and replacing them by an iteration counter followed by the repetitive character. This technique obtains only limited compression gains and is only really effective on empty databases or records.

The compression technique used by INFOPAK is a great deal more complex and enables a very high compression ratio to be achieved. In fact, the information which cannot be compressed by the simple techniques mentioned above, will be compressed with INFOPAK.

Principles of INFOPAK

The compression technique used by INFOPAK enables the information to be represented in the form of bit strings of variable length, the most frequent codes being of the shortest length. The encoding of the information is performed using high speed scanning and a proprietary algorithm based on a statistical analysis of hundreds of thousands of bytes of data encountered in commercial data bases. The algorithm employed by INFOPAK is not dependent on data content and functions without the need of external tables or address spaces. Therefore, no matter what data has to be compressed, INFOPAK does not require any tuning, to obtain maximum space gain with minimum resource consumption.

These choices of technique have made INFOPAK a product which is easy to install and implement, thus doing away with any operation, system or development worries:

• the number of compression modules does not depend on the number of databases (or segments in DL1),

• security is assured, there is no need to control the relation between the compression modules and the data bases (or segments),

• the storage requirements (in common storage) are reduced to a minimum.

• INFOPAK can adapt to any increase of the database (or updating activity) while assuring an almost constant compression ratio.

The functioning of INFOPAK

A record (or segment or row) is seen as a set of fields, each field being a contiguous set of bytes belonging to one of 256 possible coding categories for a byte. Each field is identified by a type indicator.

The compression routine, except for DB2, dynamically determines the position of the beginning and end of each field by use of a three-dimensional technique, taking into account not only the field itself, but also the one which precedes and the one which follows it. With DB2, a field descriptor list is provided to achieve this function. The compressed data appears in the form of a type indicator followed by the compressed data.

The compression process therefore determines the best compression strategy, according to the individual content of each record and thus adapts itself to the evolution of the data base or file content.

The main advantage of INFOPAK is that it does not need to know the format of the data it compresses, it does not require any description of the record fields, nor does it use tables external to the compression algorithm. The same algorithm enables all the records to be compressed while using minimal memory space.

The results of INFOPAK

INFOPAK obtains maximum compression ratios while maintaining high performance.

Compression ratio

The compression ratio depends on the nature of the data.

The following table gives the average number of bits used for what was originally an 8-bit representation according to the type of fields compressed:

field bits Filler or space or zero 0

Numeric field 3.2

Alphanumeric field 4.5

Non zero packed decimal 6.5

Zero packed decimal 0

Lower case characters 4.5

: Number of bits per field

In general, the use of INFOPAK on commercial data gives the followings results in compression ratio:

Field Ratio personal identification data 75% or more

numerical data 60% or more

packed numerical data 30 to 40%

"fillers" 98%

: Compression ratio

Benchmarks have shown that these results are often better than those obtained with table-driven compression products, what is more, INFOPAK consumes far less resources(CPU time especially).

Performance

The coding of INFOPAK's internal algorithms is totally optimized for reducing storage requirements and enhancing performance.

• INFOPAK is reentrant.

• INFOPAK works at field level and not character level.

• In order to define its "fields", INFOPAK uses high performance scanning instructions.

Because of this, the CPU time required is reduced to a minimum, although, it can vary according to the number of fields in the database and the method used in processing the data, sequential or direct. Benchmarks have shown that, in most cases, because of a the reduction in input-output time, the increased CPU was offset completely. This is reflected in reduced response times in online environments and faster batch jobs. INFOPAK improves total system through-put.

The average CPU consumption for compression and decompression is given in the following table:

action number of instructions compression of 1 byte 11

decompression of 1 byte 6.3

: Overhead

The benefits of INFOPAK

INFOPAK is a modern tool which quickly enables optimization of the space used by your data on disk.

On new data

With INFOPAK, it is possible to design data bases or files with a maximum number of "fillers" which provide for easy evolution and maintenance of applications at virtually no extra cost in disk storage.

In fact, INFOPAK does not require an initial scan of the data,(no compression tables), and may be used right from the initial creation of new data bases or files.

On existing data

The use of INFOPAK is completely transparent, existing data will be compressed on disk after an extremely simple installation of the product. INFOPAK supports a compress in place function, for very large IMS variable length segments and for all DB2 tables, allowing for compression to start without the need to UNLOAD/RELOAD the database. The space currently used by this data will be significantly reduced. Existing applications are not subjected to any modification.

Other benefits

Whether it is used on new data or existing data, INFOPAK also provides many advantages other than merely saving space. In fact, the freeing of space due to the optimization of storage requirements enables each user to free his data processing environment from numerous constraints.

• The number of I/O's needed to access databases sequentially will be reduced in proportion to the space saving. This gain has a particularly noticeable effect on "batch" processing performance.

• Backup copies of the compressed data will be made much more quickly and will require considerably fewer backup devices.

• The freeing of space and the reduced backup time mean that a move towards automatic operation may be foreseen.

• "Archive" files on line will be able to cover a much greater period.

These few examples, to which many others may be added, clearly show that the compression product is a modern tool, vital to all data processing centers allowing you to get the most out of your resources.

Data integrity

Files and databases make up essential company material and even the slightest risk of jeopardizing their integrity is out of the question. In the interest of security, INFOPAK has undergone thorough testing, using both random data and volume testing techniques with real company databases.

Today, more than a thousand billion bytes are compressed each day by INFOPAK.

INFOPAK options

The following compression products are available :

• INFOPAK for DB2

• INFOPAK IMS-DOS

• INFOPAK IMS-MVS

• INFOPAK VSAM

• INFOPAK IDMS

• INFOPAK DATACOM/DB

• INFOPAK MVS

Determine your savings in advance

Infotel offers a demonstration of the INFOPAK advantages at your site, using your data(read only), FREE. Infotel has developed an evaluation tool for each INFOPAK option. This tool will evaluate your databases or files and immediately show the gains that may be obtained with INFOPAK for IMS, DB2, VSAM, IDMS, or sequential files, including PDS files.

INFOPAK for DB2

Generally, the use of DB2 requires the storage of large volumes of data because:

• The need for current information is the cornerstone for corporate decision making.

• Data that is not accessible and up-to-date cannot be used for analysis by management.

• Applications have growing requirements due to the complexity of competition.

• Redundant data is difficult to eliminate.

INFOPAK for DB2 provides a solution to these problems of growing space: relying on high performance and proven algorithms, INFOTEL has developed a specific compression algorithm for DB2, utilizing the internal descriptions that DB2 gives to each column of its tables.

Using these DB2 column descriptors, INFOPAK applies the optimal compression/performance routine to each column based on the type of data found. Because of this internal optimization technique, INFOPAK is able to eliminate the need for multiple or customized compression tables. This also eliminates the attendant time-consuming analysis requirements and performance degrading multiple active exits or cross system communication.

INFOPAK for DB2 provides very high compression for DB2 databases: it effectively compresses most of the data (including decimal and binary data), the varying length field indicators and the null field indicators.

Completely transparent to application programs, INFOPAK for DB2 gives the database designer greater flexibility, relieving him of the rigorous constraint of column size definition and thus enabling greater evolution possibilities for applications designed for modern data bases. A compress in place function is also provided, along with the ability to add a column to a compressed table.

INFOPAK for DB2 is easily and quickly installed like any standard "exit" (EDITPROC) of CREATE TABLE.

In order to assess the space gains on your own databases, a utility (TPAKDB2), which will analyze each tablespace or table and the installation manual will be supplied to you, free of charge and with no obligation on your part.

INFOPAK for DB2 has been available since 1987.

INFOPAK IMS

The INFOPAK IMS option enables IMS data bases to be compressed while remaining totally transparent to the application program.

INFOPAK is very easy to installed in MVS and in DOS/VSE, and requires no changes to DL1 application programs : a compression module, delivered as a load module on a magnetic tape, is installed in a system library (IMSVS.RESLIB, SYS1.LINKLIB, etc... in MVS, CIL in DOS/VSE) and its name is placed, in a standard way, in the macro-instruction SEGM (COMPRTN parameter) of the DBD which corresponds to the data bases to be compressed.

INFOPAK in MVS enables all the physical organizations of DL1 (HDAM, HISAM and HIDAM) to be used, whereas DOS/VSE only enables the compression of HDAM or HIDAM bases.

In all cases, the initial load is made with the standard unload and reload utilities and procedures. A compress in place function is provided for variable length segments.

As a standard product, INFOPAK offers an entry point enabling the compression and decompression of the data from a COBOL or assembly program outside the DL1 environment.

In addition, INFOTEL has written backup and recovery utilities in MVS (FSCOMPAK, FSDECPAK, VSAMCPAK and VSAMDPAK) which enable INFOPAK users to take advantage of INFOPAK for OS or VSAM file backups. These utilities are available as chargeable features.

In order to assess the space gain on your own data, a utility (TESTPAK) and the installation manual is available to you free of charge and without obligation on your part.

INFOPAK IMS has been available since 1984.

INFOPAK VSAM

The INFOPAK VSAM option enables compression of KSDS and ESDS type files while remaining completely transparent to application programs. This option functions without requiring SVCs, system modifications, or modifications to applications programs and the JCL. The list of files to be compressed is automatically maintained by a utility (INFVSUT1) in a protected file. The compression system starts operating at the first run of this utility (at IPL for example).

The compression of a file consists of:

• Unloading the file by REPRO.

• Redefining it by reallocating it to the right size with the VSAM utility.

• Adding it to the list of compressed files using the INFVSUT1 utility.

• Reloading it using REPRO.

VSAM utilities copy the compressed files in the decompressed format. In order to keep the compressed format, all that needs to be done is to replace the IDCAMS utility by the INFAMS utility which prevents any compression or decompression of the file during its execution.

Files and families of files may also be designated for automatic compression by use of the special INCLUDE instruction. Files so designated are automatically compressed at their next reload.

Other characteristics

INFOPAK VSAM supports alternate indexes, it also carries out compression of the fields before the key and between the keys of alternate indexes. The record length obtained after compression can never be less than the position of the last index character, (primary or alternate).

In order to assess the space gains on your own files, a utility (TESTVPAK) and the installation manual will be supplied to you free of charge and with no obligation on your part.

INFOPAK VSAM has been available since 1987.

INFOPAK MVS

INFOPAK MVS provides for the compression of sequential and partitioned files in an MVS operating environment. This compression applies to F, FB, V, VB and U structured files organized under QSAM, BSAM or BPAM access methods.

This option does not require an SVC, system modification, or modification of the programs and the JCL. The list of files to be compressed is automatically maintained by a utility (INFVSUT1). The compression system starts operating at the first run of this utility (at IPL for example).

The compression of a file requires:

• Definition of the file to be compressed using the compression syntax.

• Use of IEBGENER to copy the extended file into the compressed file.

A partitioned file is compressed in a manner identical to that used for a sequential file, except that Infotel's INFPCOPY utility is to be used instead of IEBGENER.

In order to assess the space gains on your own files, a utility program and the installation manual is available to you free of charge and with no obligation on your part.

INFOPAK MVS has been available since 1990.

INFOPAK IDMS

The INFOPAK IDMS option enables compression of IDMS data bases. The compression is totally transparent to application programs.

INFOPAK is easily installed and functions without change to IDMS programs:

• A compression module, delivered as a load module on a magnetic tape must be link-edited with two compression and decompression procedures supplied and the result stored in a load-module library.

• The RECORD DESCRIPTION of the diagram must call the compression module prior to storing or modification (CALL BEFORE STORE or BEFORE MODIFY) and after reading (CALL AFTER GET).

In all cases, the initial load is executed using standard utilities and unload/reload procedures.

INFOPAK IDMS has been available since 1987.

INFOPAK DATACOM/DB

The INFOPAK DATACOM/DB option enables compression of DATACOM data bases which remain totally transparent to application programs.

INFOPAK is easily installed in the following manner:

• A compression module,delivered as a load module on a magnetic tape is copied into a load-module library.

• Compression for a MASTER LIST is specified by indicating the INFOPAK module name in the "CMPEXIT=" parameter of the DBLSTBL macro that describes the MASTER LIST.

• The standard DBUTLTY utility and the standard maintenance transaction (DDLC) are used to perform the initial compression of a given table.

INFOPAK DATACOM/DB has been available since 1987.

What's New With INFOPAK

Bande PK70xx (April 2011) :

• INFOPAK all options:

  Compatibility for z/Os 1.12

Bande PK69xx (July 2010) :

• INFOPAK DB2:

  Compatibility DB2 Version 9.1

Tape PK67xx (December 2001) :

• INFOPAK MVS/VSAM:

  Compatibility OS/390 2.10 LBI - DFSORT R14

Tape PK66xx (November 2000) :

• INFOPAK MVS/VSAM:

  CICS TS 1.3 compatibility

• INFOPAK DB2:

  DB2 Version 6 for TESTPAK DB2

• Entry Point: New compression algorithm

Tape PK65xx (July 1998) :

• INFOPAK MVS:

  Concatenation of more than 256 data sets.

Tape PK62xx (March 96):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: New code XX for total exclusion of programs.

Tape PK61xx (August 95):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: New option allowing all sequential and VSAM files belonging to the same SMS dataclass to be compressed.

Tape PK58xx (September 94):

• INFOPAK/MVS: New SORT utility program (INFBSORT) to be used instead of INFSORT.

  New option for generic intent. Audit code to exclude from compression files that can be accessed using BDAM access method.

Tape PK57xx (May 94):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: New compression codes CP(LZ) and RP(LZ) for Lempel-Ziv hardware compression.

• INFOPAK/MVS: INFSORT improvements eliminate most sort JCL changes for compressed files.

• Confidential Code Management upgrade allowing to use Backup Extension Days without a reinstall.

Tape PK56xx (March 94):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: commands to activate and deactivate generic includes.

  Force command to add a compressed non-empty dataset to the reference cluster. This is useful for renamed datasets that already contain compressed data.

Tape PK54xx (October 93):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: Interactive managing of the reference cluster under ISPF.

Tape PK52xx (July 93):

• INFOPAK all options: New batch and interactive utilities to update the confidential codes.

• INFOPAK for DB2: TESTPAK for DB2 can be executed interactively under ISPF.

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: Compress in Place added to VSAM KSDS and MVS PDS.

• INFOPAK/IDMS: New TESTPAK.

Tape PK51xx (April 93):

• INFOPAK: New routines supporting the hardware compression feature (ES/9000).

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: TESTPAK VSAM/MVS can be executed interactively under ISPF.

Tape PK50xx (January 93):

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: Module INFVCFL0 can be called from a CLIST or REXX procedure.

Tape PK48xx (October 92):

• INFOPAK/IMS: Compress in place for DEDB databases.

• INFOPAK/VSAM: INFOPAK control blocks follow the ACB. If the ACB is above the 16M line, the INFOPAK control blocks will also be above the line. This support functions within CICS version 3.

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: Generic exclude for programs.

• INFOPAK/MVS, INFOPAK/VSAM: New function of INFVSUT1 to notify with a warning message if a compressed file is accessed with EXCP or VSAM CI processing.

Tape PK47xx (May 92):

• INFOPAK/MVS: Batch program INFVSDCP of INFOPAK/VSAM will decompress a sequential, PDS or VSAM cluster with the compression module INFVSUT1 inactive.

• INFOPAK/MVS: Module INFVSQ0 of INFOPAK/VSAM now allows in core compression/decompression of MVS blocks.

• INFOPAK/MVS and INFOPAK/VSAM: New module INFVCFL0, when called, checks a file using its ddname or dsname to determine whether it is compressed or not.

Tape PK46xx (April 92):

• INFOPAK for DB2: New EDITPROC routine that provides good compression and low CPU consumption.

INFOPAK references

North America

• Alverno (Beech Grove)

• American General Services Company (Houston)

• Ameritech (Brookfield)

• Ameritech (Chicago)

• Ameritech (Waukesha)

• Army/Air Force Exchange Service (Dallas)

• Associated Bureau (Minneapolis)

• BC Hydro and Power Authority (Vancouver) Canada

• Bellsouth Services (Atlanta)

• Bellsouth Services (Birmingham)

• Beth Israel Hospital (Boston)

• Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Florida (Jacksonville)

• Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Massachussets (Boston)

• Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Michigan (Detroit)

• Blue Cross / Blue Shield of Nebraska (Omaha)

• Blue Cross / Blue Shield of New Jersey (Florham Park)

• Blue Cross of North Carolina (Durham)

• Blue Cross of South Carolina (Columbia)

• Boeing Computer Services (Seattle)

• Boise State University (Boise)

• California State Lottery (Sacramento)

• Canadian Tire Acceptance Ltd (Welland) Canada

• City of New York (Brooklyn)

• Clark Information Technology (South Bend)

• Coca-Cola Company (Atlanta)

• Community Mutual Insurance Company (Cincinnati)

• CoreStates Financial Corporation

• County of Los Angeles (Los Angeles)

• Deere & Company (Chicago)

• Depository Trust Company (New York)

• Financial Information Services Agency (New York)

• Fisher Camuto (Stamford)

• GAB Services (New Jersey)

• General American Life (St Louis)

• General RE Services (Stamford)

• Global Travel Company (Toronto) Canada

• GTE (Tampa)

• Holiday Inn (Memphis)

• Imperial Oil Limited (Willowdale) Canada

• Independance Blue Cross (Philadelphia)

• Indiana University (Indianapolis)

• Iowa Public Service Company (Sioux City)

• Kay Bee toy and Hobby Shops (Pittsfield)

• Kentucky Utilities (Lexington)

• L'industrielle Service Technique (Montreal) Canada

• Lakeland Regional Medical Center (Lakeland)

• Manufacturers Hanover (New York)

• Manulife Financial (Toronto) Canada

• Mc Donnell Douglas (Long Beach)

• MCI Telecommunications (Rancho Cordova)

• MCI Telecommunications (Rockville)

• Michigan Bell (Southfield)

• National Wildlife (Vienna)

• North Carolina Farm Bureau Insurance Company (Raleigh)

• Northeast Utilities (Nethersfield)

• Northwest Pipeline (Tulsa)

• Palomar Pomerado Health Systems (Escondido)

• Parker Hannifin Corporation (Cleveland)

• Reliance Insurance Company (Philadelphia)

• Republic Financial Services (Dallas)

• Reynolds Metals (Richmond)

• Rolm Systems (Santa Clara)

• Southwestern Public Service Company (Amarillo)

• St Johns Hospital (Roseville)

• State Farm Insurance (Chicago)

• State University of New York (Stony Brook)

• Sunlife of Canada (Willowdale) Canada

• The Glidden Company (Research Triangle Park)

• Travelers Insurance Company (Hartford)

• Tucson Medical Center (Tucson)

• United Data Services (Apopka)

• United States Steel Corporation (Pittsburgh)

• University Hospital (North Carolina)

• US Sprint (Apopka)

• US Sprint (Irving)

• US Sprint (Overland Park)

• Wisconsin Public Service (Greenbay)

• Workers Compensation Board (Vancouver) Canada

France

Financial establishments

• BRED

• Banque INDOSUEZ

• Banque LA HENIN

• Banque Nationale de Paris

• Banque Neuflize Schlumberger Mallet

• Banque Paribas

• Banque Populaire Région Nord de Paris

• Banque Populaire du Midi

• Banque Populaire du Nord

• Banque SOFINCO

• Banque WORMS

• CASDEN

• CEDICAM Lyon

• CEDICAM Saint Quentin en Yvelines

• CETELEM

• CIC

• CIO

• CRCAM Brunoy (SCT)

• CRCAM Sud-Méditerranée

• CRCAM de l'Ile de France

• CRCAM de l'Ille et Vilaine

• CRCAM de l'Indre

• CRCAM de l'Isère

• CRCAM de la Gironde

• CRCAM de la Haute-Savoie

• CRCAM de la Haute-Vienne

• CRCAM de la Loire

• CRCAM de la Loire Atlantique

• CRCAM de la Somme

• CRCAM des Bouches du Rhône

• CRCAM du Loiret

• CRCAM du Lot

• CRCAM du Lot et Garonne

• CRCAM du Maine et Loire

• CRCAM du Midi

• CRCAM du Sud-Est

• Caisse Centrale des Banques Populaires

• Caisse d'Epargne de Bordeaux

• Caisse d'Epargne de Nancy

• Caisse d'Epargne de Paris

• Caisse d'Epargne de Rennes

• Caisse d'Epargne de Rouen

• Caisse d'Epargne de Seclin

• Caisse d'Epargne de Toulouse

• Caisse d'Epargne de l'Isle Adam

• Crédit Commercial de France

• Crédit Lyonnais

• Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne

• Crédit Mutuel de Strasbourg

• Crédit Mutuel du Sud Ouest

• Crédit du Nord

• DIAC

• FRANFINANCE

• GIE AMT

• GIE ARMONI

• GIE INFOROUEST

• GIE LIVE

• GIE LOGITAINE

• GIE TECH-INFOR

• Informatique CDC

• LOCAFRANCE

• SFAC

• SICOVAM

• SNVB

• SOVAC

• Société Lyonnaise de Banque

• Société Marseillaise de Crédit

Insurance companies

• AGRR

• AXA Assurances

• CCMSA

• CIPC

• CNPBTP

• Caisse Sociale de Monaco

• GAN

• GENACORP - GIE

• GFA

• GIA

• GPA

• GREPAC

• GROUPAMA

• Groupe AZUR

• Groupe MALAKOFF

• Groupe MORNAY

• ICS (La Concorde)

• ISICA

• L'Alsacienne d'Assurances

• MACSF

• MATMUT

• Mutualité Française

• Mutuelles du Mans

• PFA

• SMABTP

• UAP

• UNI EUROPE

• VIA Assurances

• WINTERTHUR Assurances

Other companies

• AIR FRANCE

• AIR LIQUIDE

• ALSTHOM Belfort

• ALSTHOM Saint Nazaire

• ASCINTER OTIS

• AUTOMOBILES CITROEN

• AUTOMOBILES PEUGEOT

• CALBERSON

• Compagnie Générale des Eaux

• ESSO SAF

• GENERAL ELECTRIC

• GIE GETEXINFO

• GRACE

• Groupement Inter Assedic IDF1

• HOECHST

• LA REDOUTE

• LEGRAND

• NMPP

• QUELLE

• RANK XEROX

• ROUSSELOT

• Régie RENAULT

• SEXTANT AVIONIQUE (Valence)

• SEXTANT AVIONIQUE (Vélizy)

• SFNGR (Nouvelles Galeries)

• SITB

• SNAT (France Telecom)

• THOMSON Issy les Moulineaux

• THOMSON Malakoff

• TURBOMECA

Germany

• AGRIPPINA VERSICHERUNGS AG (Köln)

• ALLIANZ LEBENSVERSICHERUNGS-AG (Stuttgart)

• ALLIANZ LEBENSVERSICHERUNGS-AG (Hannover)

• ALLIANZ VERSICHERUNG-AG (München)

• ALLIANZ VERSICHERUNG-AG (Stuttgart)

• ALLIANZ VERSICHERUNG-AG (Frankfurt)

• ALLIANZ VERSICHERUNG-AG (Köln)

• ALLIANZ VERSICHERUNG-AG (Hamburg)

• ANDREAS STIHL (Waiblingan)

• ARMY AND AIR FORCE (München)

• BAYERISCHE LANDESBANK (München)

• BAYERISCHE LANDESBAUSPARKASSE (München)

• BREUNINGER GMBH & CO. (Stuttgart)

• DEUTSCHE BANK AG (Düsseldorf)

• DEUTSCHE BANK AG (Eschborn)

• DEUTSCHE BANK AG (Hamburg)

• DRESDNER BANK AG (Düsseldorf)

• DRESDNER BANK AG (Frankfurt)

• DRESDNER BANK AG (Hamburg)

• DRESDNER BANK AG (München)

• GAD-GESELLSCHAFT FÜR AUTOMATISCHE DV EG (BIK) (Münster)

• HELVETIA VERSICHERUNGEN (Frankfurt)

• LVM VERSICHERUNGEN (Münster)

• RBG RZ BAYERISCHER GENOSSENSCHAFTEN EG (BIK) (München)

• RBG RZ BAYERISCHER GENOSSENSCHAFTEN EG (BIK) (Nürnberg)

• RWG GMBH, DATENVERARBEITUNGSGESELLSCHAFT (BIK) (Stuttgart)

• SKF GMBH (Schweinfurt)

• STADTSPARKASSE (München)

• TELENORMA (Frankfurt)

Belgium

• AMEV

• ASSUBEL

• AXA Belgium

• Banque NAGELMACKERS

• COCKERILL

• Crédit Communal de Belgique

• ELECTRABEL

• Générale de Banque

• LA ROYALE BELGE

• Ministère de L'économie

• NRB

• UAP

• UNMS

• WINTERTHUR

Switzerland

• United Overseas Bank

• MIGROS Coopérative

England

• BAYER

• EMPIRE STORES

• Automobiles PEUGEOT

• RANK XEROX

Spain

• Barclays Bank

• Fimestic S.A.

• Rank Xerox

• Robert Bosch S.A

• Sintel S.A.

• UAP

Italy

• UAP

• Winterthur

Japan

• Daiwa Seiko(Tokyo)

• Kawasaki Steel(Tokyo)

• Kobe steel Kakogawa (Tokyo)

• Kobelco Systems Corporation (Tokyo)

• Meiji Milk Products (Tokyo)

• Recruit Company Ltd (Tokyo)

• Sanwa Bank(Tokyo)

• Sumimoto Metal Ltd (Tokyo)

Australia

• BHP Information Technology

• BP Australia Limited

• Composite Buyers Limited

• Fujitsu Australia Limited

• National Mutual Computer Services Pty. Ltd.

• QANTAS Airlines

• Repco Information System

• VicRoads

Argentina

• BASF

• Banco de GALICIA

• RENAULT

• SIEMENS

New Zealand

• Air New Zealand

• EDS(New Zealand)

Korea

• Inchon Iron & Steel(Seoul)

• Hyundai

Israel

• Oil Refineries

Brazil

• Brasinpar Ltda